Contributed by Old Berwick Historical Society
- MMN #102015
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Description
Francis Raynes owned and operated a shoemaking shop in the center ofSouth Berwick. By 1850, he employed up to eight people in the shoemaking trade. Raynes relied on people in town to buy his custom shoes and boots and to supply him with goods and services that he needed. Townspeople relied on Raynes to provide them with new shoes and boots and to repair their old ones.
Shoemaking was an important trade in South Berwick in the 1800s. Francis Raynes was typical of local shoemakers before 1850, supplying custom shoes to order from his shop on Portland Street. His trade prospered when new markets for ready-made shoes emerged in Boston, southern states, and the West Indies.
By 1850 there were three tanners and twenty-five shoemakers in South Berwick. Raynes became an entrepreneur, employing six men and two women making goods valued at $3,600 a year—more than the local sawmill.
But by 1860 Raynes's manufactory was gone, a casualty of overproduction in the shoe industry. Raynes resumed business as a cordwainer, or custom shoemaker, but he could not compete with the local David Cummings and Company shoe factory, built two blocks from his shop in 1872.
About This Item
- Title: Shoemaker Francis Raynes, South Berwick ca. 1890
- Creator: W. N. Gough
- Creation Date: circa 1890
- Subject Date: circa 1890
- Location: South Berwick , 03908 County, ME
- Media: Photographic print
- Dimensions: 15.5 cm x 13 cm
- Object Type: Image
Cross Reference Searches
Standardized Subject Headings
- Factories--Maine--South Berwick
- Footwear
- Mill workers--Maine--South Berwick
- Shoe industry--Maine--South Berwick
- Shoemaking--Maine--South Berwick
- South Berwick (Me.)
- Women--Maine--South Berwick
People
Other Keywords
- business owner
- cobbler
- cottage industry
- Francis Rogers
- handmade products
- handmade shoes
- handsewn
- Leather
- Leatherwork
- shoemaker
- small business
- south berwick
For more information about this item, contact:
Old Berwick Historical SocietyP.O. Box 296; Corner of Main and Liberty Streets, South Berwick, ME 03908
(207) 384-0000
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